This article – written with Matteo Deleidi, Riccardo Pariboni and Marco Veronese Passarella – work takes inspiration from four theoretical strands: recent developments in ecological macroeconomics; the Schumpeterian framework of evolutionary economics that emphasises the entrepreneurial role of the State; the stock-flow consistent approach to macroeconomic modelling; and the supermultiplier model.

Building upon these approaches, we develop a formal model that reproduces key interactions between the economy, the financial sector, the ecosystem and the society. We test and assess the effects of several fiscal policies. We find that, in principle, mission-oriented innovation policies are the most effective option in supporting innovation and growth, while reducing income inequality.

However, lacking a ‘green’ and progressive taxation system, they are unlikely to reverse the current trend in atmospheric temperature.

Link to the Review of Political Economy.